Girnar mountains Edicts

Girnar mountains are located in Junagarh Districts of Saurashtra( Gujrat). Girnar is the highest mountain of Gujrat , older than Himalays and is a sacred place for Hindus and Jains.
Three important rulers of India have left their inscriptions and edicts on Girnar Mountains:-
1. Ashoka- 14 edicts of Ashoka of 250 BC vintage. In Brahmi script of Pali language mention the resistance to greed and animal sacrifice and also moralize the principles of purity of thought, secularism in thinking, kindness and gratitude.
2. Skandgupta AD 455-67 of Gupta Dynasty
3. Rudradamana(Kshtrap ruler) of 2nd century AD( 150 CE) .His inscription written in Sanskrit Language mentions about the Sudarshan Lake, built originally by the great Mauryan emperors and repaired by Mahakshtrap Rudradaman

Polymetallic nodules

Polymetallic nodules . These are abiotic mineral resources and found as nodules in oceans.
Polymetallic nodules are Ferrous-Magnese oxide deposits. They are of potato shape, porous and black earthy colour. Their size ranges from 2 to 10 cm in diameter.
Nodules occur at nearly 4 to 5 km depth in the deep oceans . They take about one million year to grow to a size one mm. India has obtained the technology of exploiting these mineral nodules from the seabed and was the first country in the world to obtain permission from United Nations!

Indus Water Treaty

Indus Water Treaty.The treaty was signed on September 19,1960, by Jawaharlal Nehru and Ayub Khan in Karachi. 
Under the Treaty , Pakistan can inspect sites of development works such as projects or dams to check that no diversion has been created to the river flow, which could deny it the unhindered flow.
It is for the first time since the treaty was signed, Pakistan officials are arriving at Manali to inspect Miar Hydropower project.

Chenani - Nashri Tunnel

India's longest road tunnel, the 9 km long Chenani - Nashri Tunnel .
http://www.leighton.co.in/project/30/chenani_nashri_tunnel

Leighton India :: Chenani-Nashri Tunnel Project

www.leighton.co.in

Leighton India secured a contract to construct a major road tunnel in Northern India. As India's longest road tunnel, the 9 km long Chenani - Nashri Tunnel is being built under the lower Himalayan mountain range to 

Big Bang Theory

Big Bang Theory is the most accepted theory regarding the origin of Universe. It is believed that a gigantic explosion formed small atoms which initiated the formation of the Universe. At that moment, all the matter of the universe were located at a single place from where they began their explosive expansion. In this way, first atoms were created and then molecules were formed out of atoms.Eventually a nebula was formed. The universe is still expanding.
A Nebula is a huge cloud floating in the Universe , is interstellar clouds of dust and gas.Thus, Nebulas are either remnants of matter from the original big bang or the result of stars either collapsing or going supernova( exploding to die). The temperature at the centre of nebula is very high because of collision of atoms and molecules at attracted by the gravity of each other. When the temperature rises above 10 million degree Celsius, nuclear chain reactions take place place and a new star is born. Thus, a nebula is a birth place of stars.( Nebula simply means cloud in Latin)

Gobind Sagar

Gobind Sagar is an artificial reservoir on the river Sutlej, to supply water for Bhakra Dam. to augment the level of water into the reservoir, the Beas-Sutlej link starting from Pandoh at Beas was constructed.
It is situated in Bilaspur District, Himachal Pradesh, and was in the news when a bus fell into the reservoir killing 30 persons.
Bhakhra Dam ( 222.5 m high ) second highest dam in India. tehri Dam is the highest at 261 m.

Shipki La

Shipki La is a high mountain pass( in Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh) .The border post on the India-China border is at a height of 18,599 feet above the sea level. The Sutlej river enters India (from Tibet) through this pass. 
The pass, close to town of Khab, is India's third border post for trade with Tibet after Nathu La in Sikkim, and Lipulekh in Uttarakhand.
During recent visit of Chinese President, pople of Himachal were hoping this route to be considered for pilgrimage to Kailas Mansarovar.
Shipkila is an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road